Hollow Verbs (الأَجوَف)

Ajwaf  verbs are those whose second (middle) letter is sick (أ-ي-و) in its root form.

• Most Ajwaf verbs have an Alif (ا ) as its second or middle letter.

• The origin of the middle Alif is mostly a Waw (و ) or a Yaa (ي ), that is turned into an Alif.

• There are a few verbs in which the Waw or Yaa are not turned into an Alif.

Command	Present	Past
زُرْ	يَزُورُ	زَارَ
بِعْ	يَبِيعُ	بَاعَ
اِعوَرْ	يَعْوَرُ	عَوِرَ

• To know the origin of the Alif, get the noun from the verb.

Examples: باعَ = to sell (v.) ► بَيْعْ = selling (n.)

صامَ= to fast (v.) ► صَوْمْ = fasting (n.)

• If the middle radical is (و), then the first and second persons take Dhamma ( ُ ) on the first radical of the past tense. قال ◀ قول ◀ قُلتُ / قُلتَ
• If the middle radical is (ي), then the first and second persons take Kasrah ( ِ ) on the first radical of the past tense. سار ◀ سير ◀ سِرتُ / سِرتَ
• The Ajwaf verbs in past tense drop the weak letter if the verb is assigned to (نا الفاعلين, تاء الفاعل, نون النسوة) as in (قـلت- قـلنا- قـلن).
• Ajwaf verbs in present tense drop the weak letter only if the verb is assigned to (نون النسوة) as in يقول يقُلنَ.
• In the imperative tense the weak letter returns to its original (ا-و-ي) if the verb is assigned to (الف الاثنين – واو الجماعة – ياء المخاطبة)   as in قال ◀ قُولا قُولُوا قُولِي  and باعَ ◀ بيعا بيعوا بيعي

past tense Plural Dual Singular – Third Person “زَارُوا they visited” “زَارَا they visited” “زَارَ he visited” M “زُرْنَ they visited” “زَارَتا they visited” “زَارَتْ she visited” F Second Person “زُرْتُمْ you visited” “زُرْتُمَا you visited” “زُرْتَ you visited” M “زُرْتُنَّ you visited” “زُرْتُمَا you visited” “زُرْتِ you visited” F First Person “زُرْنَا we visited” “زُرْتُ I visited” M & F

present tense
	Plural	Dual	Singular	–
Third Person	يَزُورُونthey visit	يَزَورَانthey visit	يَزوُرْhe visits	M
	يَزُرْنَthey visit	تَزُورَانthey visit	تَزوُرْshe visits	F
Second Person	تَزُورُونyou visit	تَزُورَانyou visit	تَزُورyou visit	M
	تَزُرْنَyou visit	تَزُورَانyou visit	تَزُورِينyou visit	F
First Person	نَزُورwe visit		أَزُورI visit	M & F

imperative(command) tense
	Plural	Dual	Singular	..
Third Person	..	..	..	M
	..	..	..	F
Second Person	زَورُواvisit	زُورَاvisit	زُرْvisit	M
	زُرْنَvisit	زُورَاvisit	زُورِي visit	F
First Person	..	..	..	M & F